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Interstitial Cystitis Library

The following selected journal articles provide valuable and thought-provoking information about interstitial cystitis (IC), and may help you diagnose and treat this urological condition.

Ajibona OO, Kehinde EO. Interstitial cystitis: a review of current concepts of aetiology, diagnosis and therapy. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2003;37:253-258.

Bouchelouche K, Nordling J. Recent developments in the management of Interstitial Cystitis. Curr Opin Urol. 2003;13: 309-313.

Clemons JL, Arya LA, Myers DL. Diagnosing Interstitial Cystitis in women with chronic pelvic pain. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;100:337-341.

Daha LK, Riedl CR, Hohlbrugger G, Knoll M, Engelhardt PF, Pflüger H. Comparative assessment of maximal bladder capacity, 0.9% NaCl versus 0.2 M KCl, for the diagnosis of Interstitial Cystitis: a prospective controlled study. J Urol. 2003;170:807-809.

Fetner WT, ed. The Female Patient. Chatham, NJ: Quadrant HealthCom Inc; May 2003 supplement.

Hanno PM. Analysis of long-term Elmiron therapy for Interstitial Cystitis. Urology. 1997;49(suppl 5A):93-99.

Hanno PM, Landis JR, Matthews-Cook Y, Kusek J, Nyberg J Jr, and the Interstitial Cystitis Database Study Group. The diagnosis of Interstitial Cystitis revisited: lessons Learned from the National Institutes of Health Interstitial Cystitis Database study. J Urol. 1999;161:553-557.

Kahn B. et al. Management of Patients with Interstitial Cystitis or Chronic Pelvic Pain of Bladder Origin: A Consensus Report. Current Medical Research and Opinions. 2005;21,4:509-516.

Miller JL, Rothman I, Bavendam TG, Berger RE. Prostatodynia and Interstitial Cystitis: one and the same? Urology. 1995;45:587-590.

Mulholland SG, Sant GR, Hanno P, Staskin DR, Parsons CL. Pentosan polysulfate sodium for therapy of Interstitial Cystitis; a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study. Urology. 1990;35:552-558.

Nickel JC. Interstitial cystitis-an elusive clinical target? J Urol. 2003;170:816-817.

O'Leary MP, Sant GR, Fowler FJ Jr, Whitmore KE, Spolarich-Kroll J. The Interstitial Cystitis symptom index and problem index. Urology. 1997;49(suppl 5A):58-63.

Parsons CL. Potassium sensitivity test. Tech Urol. 1996;2:171-173.

Parsons CL, Dell J, Stanford EJ. Increased prevalence of Interstitial Cystitis; previously unrecognized urologic and gynecologic cases identified using a new symptom questionnaire and intravesical potassium sensitivity. Urology. 2002;60:573-578.

Parsons CL, Dell J, Stanford EJ, Bullen M, Kahn BS, Willems JJ. The prevalence of Interstitial Cystitis in gynecologic patients with pelvic pain, as detected by intravesical potassium sensitivity. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;187:1395-1400.

Parsons CL, Greenberger M, Gabal L, Bidair M, Barme G. The role of urinary potassium in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of Interstitial Cystitis. J Urol. 1998;159:1862-1867.

Parsons CL et al. Abnormal urinary potassium metabolism in patients with interstitial cystitis. Journal of Urology. 2005; 173:1182-1185.

Rosenberg et al. Early Diagnosis and Management of Interstitial Cystitis. Women's Health in Primary Care. 2004; 7,9:456-463.

Sant GR. Interstitial cystitis-a urogynecologic perspective. Contemp OB/GYN. June 1998:1-8.

ELMIRON^® (pentosan polysulfate sodium) is indicated for the relief of bladder pain or discomfort associated with interstitial cystitis.

Important Safety Information
Pentosan polysulfate sodium is a weak anticoagulant which may increase bleeding. Patients undergoing surgery or who have an increased risk of bleeding should be evaluated for the risk of hemorrhage.

In an 8-year retrospective study, adverse events tended to be infrequent, mild, and transient. Diarrhea, nausea, alopecia (reversible upon discontinuation), headache, rash, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, liver function abnormalities, and dizziness occurred at a frequency of 1% to 4%.

In a 32 week study, 6.3% of 128 patients reported rectal hemorrhage. The severity was described as "mild" in most patients.

ELMIRON^® is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug, structurally related compounds, or excipients.

The mechanism of action of ELMIRON^® in interstitial cystitis is not fully understood.

Please click here for full Prescribing Information.

ELMIRON^® is a registered trademark of IVAX Research, Inc., under licence to Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

ORTHO TRI-CYCLEN^® LO (norgestimate/ethinyl estradiol) is indicated for the prevention of pregnancy in women who elect to use oral contraceptives as their method of contraception.

Important Safety Information
Serious as well as minor side effects have been reported with the use of oral contraceptives. Serious risks include blood clots, stroke and heart attacks. Cigarette smoking increases the risk of serious cardiovascular side effects, especially in women over 35. Women who use oral contraceptives are strongly advised not to smoke. The Pill does not protect against HIV or sexually transmitted diseases.

Please click here for full Prescribing Information.

ORTHO EVRA^® (norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol transdermal system) is indicated for the prevention of pregnancy in women who elect to use a transdermal patch as a method of contraception.

The pharmacokinetic profile for ORTHO EVRA^® transdermal patch is different from that of an oral contraceptive. Healthcare professionals should balance the higher estrogen exposure and possible increased risk of venous thromboembolism with ORTHO EVRA^® against the chance of pregnancy if a contraceptive pill is not taken daily.

Application site reaction has been reported.

Important Safety Information
Serious as well as minor side effects have been reported with the use of hormonal contraceptives. Serious risks include blood clots, stroke and heart attacks. Cigarette smoking increases the risk of serious cardiovascular side effects, especially in women over 35. Women who use the contraceptive patch are strongly advised not to smoke.

The pharmacokinetic (PK) profile for the ORTHO EVRA^® patch is different from the PK profile for oral contraceptives in that it has higher steady state concentrations (60% higher) and lower peak concentrations (25% lower) of ethinyl estradiol (EE) compared with an oral contraceptive containing 35 mcg EE. It is not known whether there are changes in the risk of serious adverse events based on
the differences in PK profiles of EE in women using ORTHO EVRA^® compared with women using oral contraceptives containing 35 mcg EE. Increased estrogen exposure may increase the risk of adverse events, including venous thromboembolism. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Transdermal versus Oral Contraceptives, BOLDED WARNING in the Package Insert).

The results of epidemiologic studies evaluating the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among women using ORTHO EVRA^® compared to those using oral contraceptives containing 30-35 mcg EE and either levonorgestrel or norgestimate reported odds ratios ranging from 0.9 (no increase in risk) to 2.5 (approximate doubling of risk).

The Patch does not protect against HIV or sexually transmitted diseases.

Please click here for full Prescribing Information.

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This information is intended for the use of our customers, patients, and healthcare professionals in the United States and Puerto Rico only. Ortho Women's Health & Urology™ recognizes that the Internet is a global communications medium; however, laws, regulatory requirements, and medical practices for pharmaceutical products vary from country to country. The prescribing information included here may not be appropriate for use outside the United States and Puerto Rico.

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Last modified Dec 22 2009 at 10:05:11 EST